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Chimera – a demonstrative visual programming by demonstration.

Chimera is an example of how imperative programming is supported in LPVs by having the programmer demonstrate his or her desired actions.

D.J. Kurlander designed the system in his doctoral thesis.

In the case of Chimera, the “programmer” is an end-user, as a result, it is also an example of LPV intended to improve the accessibility level of certain programming types of tasks.

The Chimera domain is graphic editing. As an end-user is working on a graphic scene, he or she may notice repetitive editing tasks, in which case he… read more +

Cocoa (initially called KidSim) is a rules-based LPV, in which the programmer specifies rules for demonstrating a postcondition starting from a precondition. The “programmers” targeted are children, and the associated field is the specification of graphics simulations and games. Cocoa is a complete Turing language, except that its facilities were not designed for general-purpose programming, but to facilitate children’s access to programming their own simulations.

The way in which the concrete and direct attributes are achieved in Cocoa are similar to Chimera because both use demonstration as a way to specify semantics. However, the response time level… read more +

Forms / 3 – Forms / 3 is an example of LPV based on the spreadsheet paradigm, implemented by Margaret Burnett in 1991, as a prototype of her dissertation work.

In this case, the programmer realizes his program by creating a form and specifying its content.

This paradigm is commonly used in commercial spreadsheets, where the form is in the form of a marked grid, and the content is specified by the cell formulas.

Forms / 3 programs include formulas (spreadsheets) with cells, except that the cells are not embedded in a grid. A Forms / 3 programmer… read more +

Android is a software platform and operating system for digital devices and mobile phones, initially developed by Google, and later by the Open Handset Alliance business consortium.

Android allows developers to write managed code in Java, controlling the device through Google’s Java libraries.

Applications are written in C and other languages ​and can be compiled into ARM machine code and executed, but this development model is not officially supported by Google.

In July 2005, Google acquired Android Inc., a startup company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, USA. The co-founders of Android, who continued to work at Google, were… read more +

Google App Inventor is a visual programming language initiated by Google and taken over by MIT in 2012. It is designed for ordinary users without special programming knowledge and allows the creation of applications for the Android operating system.

In order to interact with the user in the simplest way, the program has been visually designed: to create an application, and the user visually draws how the application will look and uses blocks to specify the behavior of its application.

App Inventor uses a graphical interface, much like the user interface of Scratch and StarLogo TNG, which allows… read more +

Now that we’ve gone through some examples of JavaScript let’s add a few features to our site, for example, to see what’s possible. In this section, we will add an additional image to our site using some features of the DOM API, using JavaScript to switch between the two when the image is clicked.

1. First, find another image that you want to add to your site. Make sure it is the same size as the first image, or as close as possible.
2. Save this image to your images directory.
3. Rename this image to “photo2.png” (without the quotes).
4. Go to… read more +

Let us explain some of the basic features of JavaScript to give you a better understanding of how it all works. It is worth mentioning that these features are common to all programming languages, so if you master these fundamentals, you will be on the way to programming almost anything!

1. Variables
Variables are containers in which you can store values. Start by declaring a variable using the keyword lime, followed by any name:
var myVariable;

A semicolon at the end of a line indicates where a statement ends; it is necessary when you have to separate statements on a single line. However,… read more +

JavaScript itself is quite compact but still very flexible. Developers have written a wide variety of tools based on JavaScript, unlocking a large amount of additional functionality with minimal effort.

These include:
– Programming interfaces for browser applications (APIs) – APIs built into web browsers, offering features such as dynamic HTML creation and CSS style setting, collecting and manipulating a video stream from the user’s video camera, or generating 3D graphics and images.
– Third-party APIs to allow developers to integrate functionality into their sites from other content providers, such as Twitter or Facebook.
– Third-party frameworks and libraries that you can include… read more +

The article gives a simplified picture of what happens when you see a web page in a web browser on your computer or smartphone. This theory is not essential for writing the web code in the short term, but in the long run, you will start to benefit from understanding what is happening in the background.

Web-connected computers are called clients and servers.
– Customers are the typical Internet-connected devices of web users (for example, your computer connected to Wi-Fi, or your phone connected to the mobile network) and the web page access software available on those devices (usually a web… read more +

h1 {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 20px 0;
  color: # 00539F;
  text-shadow: 3px 3px 1px black;
}

You’ve probably noticed that there is a space at the top of the element. This is because browsers apply a certain default style to the <h1> element (among others), even if you haven’t applied CSS at all! This might seem like a bad idea, but we even want an unused web-page to have basic readability. To save space, we override the default style by setting the margin: 0;

Next, I set padding up and down for the title to 20 pixels and made the text title to have the same… read more +